Oxymetholone, commonly known as Anadrol, is an oral anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It was initially developed in the 1960s and is primarily used in medical settings for its therapeutic properties.

Medical Uses

Oxymetholone has several approved medical uses:

1. Anemia: It is used in the treatment of anemia, specifically in cases where red blood cell production needs to be stimulated, such as in aplastic anemia or anemia caused by chemotherapy.
2. Muscle Wasting Diseases: Oxymetholone is sometimes prescribed to promote weight gain and muscle mass in patients with severe muscle wasting conditions.

Mechanism of Action

Oxymetholone exerts its effects through several mechanisms:

• Androgen Receptor Binding: It binds to androgen receptors in various tissues, promoting anabolic effects such as muscle growth and increased strength.
• Erythropoiesis: Oxymetholone stimulates erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidneys, which in turn increases red blood cell production. This property is crucial in treating anemia.
• Protein Synthesis: Enhances protein synthesis, contributing to muscle mass preservation and potential gains.

Side Effects

While effective, Oxymetholone can have several potential side effects:

1. Androgenic Effects: May cause increased body hair growth, acne, and in women, virilization (masculinization) symptoms like deepening of the voice and enlargement of the clitoris.
2. Cardiovascular Issues: Oxymetholone can negatively impact cholesterol levels, leading to an increase in LDL (bad cholesterol) and a decrease in HDL (good cholesterol).
3. Liver Toxicity: Oxymetholone is hepatotoxic and can cause liver damage, particularly when used for extended periods or at high doses.

Interactions

Oxymetholone may interact with medications affecting liver function or those that alter hormonal balance. Specific interactions may include:

• Aromatase Inhibitors: These drugs can alter the metabolism of Oxymetholone.
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): They can interact with Oxymetholone, impacting its effectiveness and the body’s hormonal balance.
• 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: These medications can influence the androgenic activity of Oxymetholone.
• Anti-Androgens: These drugs can counteract some of the effects of Oxymetholone.