Oxandrolone, marketed under the brand name Anavar among others, is an oral synthetic anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is known for its relatively mild nature and is primarily used in medical settings for specific therapeutic purposes.

Medical Uses

Oxandrolone has several approved medical uses:

1. Promotion of Weight Gain: It is used to promote weight gain after involuntary weight loss due to surgery, chronic infection, severe trauma, or long-term use of corticosteroids.
2. Osteoporosis: Oxandrolone may be used in the treatment of osteoporosis to help improve bone density and strength.
3. Muscle Wasting Conditions: It is prescribed to patients with muscle wasting conditions to help preserve muscle mass.

Mechanism of Action

Oxandrolone exerts its effects through several mechanisms:

• Androgen Receptor Binding: It binds to androgen receptors in various tissues, promoting anabolic effects such as increased muscle mass and strength.
• Enhanced Protein Synthesis: Oxandrolone enhances protein synthesis, which is crucial for muscle growth and recovery.
• Nitrogen Retention: Promotes nitrogen retention in muscles, which helps in muscle preservation and growth.

Side Effects

While generally considered mild, Oxandrolone can have several potential side effects:

1. Androgenic Effects: May cause mild androgenic effects such as acne, increased facial/body hair growth, and in women, virilization (masculinization) symptoms like deepening of the voice and enlargement of the clitoris.
2. Cardiovascular Issues: Oxandrolone can negatively impact cholesterol levels, particularly by reducing HDL (good cholesterol) levels.
3. Liver Toxicity: Although less hepatotoxic compared to some other oral steroids, long-term use or high doses of Oxandrolone can still stress the liver.

Interactions

Oxandrolone may interact with medications affecting liver function or those that alter hormonal balance. Specific interactions may include:

• Aromatase Inhibitors: These drugs can alter the metabolism of Oxandrolone.
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): They can interact with Oxandrolone, impacting its effectiveness and the body’s hormonal balance.
• 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: These medications can influence the androgenic activity of Oxandrolone.
• Anti-Androgens: These drugs can counteract some of the effects of Oxandrolone.