Exemestane is a medication used primarily in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors.

Medical Uses

Exemestane is approved for the following medical uses:

1. Breast Cancer: It is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is particularly effective in cases where other hormonal therapies like tamoxifen have not been successful.

Mechanism of Action

Exemestane exerts its effects through the following mechanisms:

• Aromatase Inhibition: Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for converting androgens (like testosterone) into estrogens (like estradiol). Exemestane irreversibly inhibits aromatase, leading to decreased estrogen production in postmenopausal women.
• Estrogen Reduction: By lowering estrogen levels, Exemestane helps to starve hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells of the estrogen they need to grow.

Side Effects

While generally well-tolerated, Exemestane can cause several potential side effects:

1. Bone Health: It may increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures due to reduced estrogen levels.
2. Menopausal Symptoms: Exemestane can cause symptoms similar to menopause, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
3. Musculoskeletal Issues: Some individuals may experience joint pain and stiffness.

Interactions

Exemestane may interact with other medications or substances that affect estrogen levels or liver function. Specific interactions may include:

• Estrogen-containing medications: Concurrent use of estrogen-containing medications may reduce the effectiveness of Exemestane.
• Tamoxifen: Exemestane is sometimes used in sequence with tamoxifen in certain cases of breast cancer treatment. The sequence of therapy may differ depending on the specific characteristics of the cancer and patient response.