Anastrozole is a medication primarily used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitors.

Medical Uses

Anastrozole is approved for the following medical uses:

1. Breast Cancer: It is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It works by lowering estrogen levels in the body, thereby slowing the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors.

Mechanism of Action

Anastrozole exerts its effects through the following mechanisms:

• Aromatase Inhibition: Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for converting androgens (like testosterone) into estrogens (like estradiol). Anastrozole inhibits aromatase, leading to decreased estrogen production in postmenopausal women.
• Estrogen Reduction: By lowering estrogen levels, Anastrozole helps to starve hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells of the estrogen they need to grow.

Side Effects

While generally well-tolerated, Anastrozole can cause several potential side effects:

1. Bone Health: It may increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures due to reduced estrogen levels.
2. Musculoskeletal Issues: Some individuals may experience joint pain and stiffness.
3. Menopausal Symptoms: Anastrozole can cause symptoms similar to menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness.

Interactions

Anastrozole may interact with other medications or substances that affect estrogen levels or liver function. Specific interactions may include:

• Estrogen-containing medications: Concurrent use of estrogen-containing medications may reduce the effectiveness of Anastrozole.
• Tamoxifen: Anastrozole is sometimes used in combination with tamoxifen in certain cases of breast cancer treatment. The combination may have different efficacy and side effect profiles compared to either drug alone.